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Veronicastrum axillare

Common name:		Family:	Scrophulariaceae
Author:	(Siebold.&Zucc.)Yamazaki.	Botanical references:	58, 266
Synonyms:	Botryopleuron axillare (Hemsl.)
Known Hazards:	None known
Range:	E. Asia - China, Japan.
Habitat:	Hillsides and gully edges[147]. Forests, grasslands at forest margins, shaded places in valleys at low elevations[266].
Edibility Rating (1-5):	0	Medicinal Rating (1-5):	2

Other Possible Synonyms:	From various places across the web, may not be correct. See below.
	Paederota axillaris[G]
Epithets:	From a Dictionary of Botanical Epithets
	axillare = in leaf axils;
Systematics:	From a USDA Plants Database
	Order: Scrophulariales. Figwort family
Other Range Info:	From the Ethnobotany Database
	China

Physical Characteristics

Perennial growing to 1.8m. . It is in flower from July to August. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Insects. The plant is self-fertile. We rate it 0/5 for edibility and 2/5 for medicinal use.

The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It requires moist soil.

Edible Uses

None known

Medicinal Uses

Disclaimer

Antiphlogistic; Depurative.

The whole plant is antiphlogistic and depurative[147]. It stimulates blood circulation and tissue repair[147]. A decoction is used internally, or the plant can be crushed and applied externally, in the treatment of epidemic mumps, infected boils, ascites, rheumatoid arthralgia and traumatic injuries[147].

Other Uses

None known

Cultivation details

We have very little information on this species and do not know how hardy it will be in British gardens, though judging by its native range it is likely to succeed outdoors at least in the milder areas of the country. The following notes are based on the general needs of the genus.
Easily grown in a moderately fertile moisture retentive well drained soil[200]. Prefers cool summers[200]. Prefers a sunny position[188].

Propagation

Seed - sow autumn in a cold frame[200]. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and plant them out in the summer.
If you have sufficient quantity the seed can be sown outdoors in situ in the autumn or the spring.
Division in autumn or spring[200]. Larger divisions can be planted out direct into their permanent positions. We have found that it is best to pot up smaller divisions and grow them on in light shade in a greenhouse or cold frame until they are growing away well. Plant them out in the summer or the following spring.

Suppliers

For more details of plant suppliers please see our Suppliers Page which lists many more places to look.

Web References

References for Botryopleuron axillare (a possible synonym).

[E] Ethnobotany Data (common names, uses, countries) from the Ethnobotany Database.
[G] Data (Common Names, Uses, Distribution) from the USDA/ARS NPGS's GRIN taxonomic database.

References for the family Scrophulariaceae.

[CHINA] Data Very detailed botanical/identification info. from the Flora of China.

See the PFAF Links Pages for other sources.

Also try Photos and info from the The Plants Database which has 14,000 images.

References

[58] Ohwi. G. Flora of Japan. (English translation) Smithsonian Institution 1965
The standard work. Brilliant, but not for the casual reader.

[147] ? A Barefoot Doctors Manual. Running Press ISBN 0-914294-92-X
A very readable herbal from China, combining some modern methods with traditional chinese methods.

[188] Brickell. C. The RHS Gardener's Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers Dorling Kindersley Publishers Ltd. 1990 ISBN 0-86318-386-7
Excellent range of photographs, some cultivation details but very little information on plant uses.

[200] Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press 1992 ISBN 0-333-47494-5
Excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of silly mistakes. Readable yet also very detailed.

[266] Flora of China 1994
On-line version of the Flora - an excellent resource giving basic info on habitat and some uses.

Readers Comments

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Bibliography

Plant information taken from the Plants For A Future - Species Database. Copyright (c) 1997-2003.
WEB search engine by Rich Morris - Home Page- Contact Info
Blagdon Cross, Ashwater, Beaworthy, Devon, EX21 5DF, UK.
Website: www.pfaf.org Phone: 0845 458 4719/_44(0) 1208 872963

This page (UK) http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/cgi-bin/pfaf/arr_html?Veronicastrum+axillare
This page (US) http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Veronicastrum+axillare

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We make no claims of magical effects or supernatural powers for any item in this catalog. In spite of legendary attributes or occult and craft tradition, such items are offered as curios only and beliefs concerning their magical effectiveness are related only for historical interest.