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Sciadopitys verticillata

Common name: Umbrella Pine Family: Sciadoptyaceae
Author: (Thunb.)Siebold.&Zucc. Botanical references: 11, 58, 200
Synonyms:  
Known Hazards: None known
Range: E. Asia - S. Japan.
Habitat: Mountains[58].
Edibility Rating (1-5): 0Medicinal Rating (1-5):0

Other Possible Synonyms:From various places across the web, may not be correct. See below.
Taxus verticillata[G]
Other Common Names:From various places around the Web, may not be correct. See below.
Umbrella Pine [H,DEN2],

Physical Characteristics

An evergreen tree growing to 15m by 6m at a medium rate. It is hardy to zone 6. It is in leaf all year, in flower in May, and the seeds ripen from October to November. The flowers are monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and are pollinated by Wind. We rate it 0/5 for edibility and 0/5 for medicinal use.

The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid soil. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires moist or wet soil.

Habitats and Possible Locations

Bog Garden, Woodland, Canopy.

Edible Uses

None known

Medicinal Uses

Disclaimer

None known

Other Uses

Dye; Oil; Varnish; Wood.

An oil obtained from the wood is used for varnishes and dyes[61].
Wood - soft, elastic, water-resistant. Used for boats etc[46, 61].

Cultivation details

Prefers a good loamy soil[11]. Grows well near water, tolerating a wet site[81]. Thrives in all conditions except limey soils[81]. It prefers a pH in the range of 4 to 6, and although it will grow at pH 7 or above it becomes chlorotic[200]. Tolerates some shade but prefers an open position in full sun[81]. Dislikes cold or violent winds[1]. Grows best in mild damp areas with warm humid summers[200].
A very hardy plant[11], tolerating temperatures down to about -30°c when it is fully dormant[200].
A slow-growing tree when very young[11, 81]. Some trees have grown slowly but generally they are of moderate growth in Britain, often averaging 30cm a year and increasing their girth by 2.5cm a year[185].
The cones ripen over a period of 2 years[188].
There are two forms of this species, one is shrub-like whilst the other is a tall-growing tree[11].
Plants should be put into their permanent positions as soon as possible in order for them to develop a good root system, plants more than 1 metre tall check badly for a number of years[200].
This species is notably resistant to honey fungus[200].

Propagation

Seed - requires 3 months cold stratification and so it can be sown in a cold frame either as soon as it is ripe in the autumn or in January[113]. Only cover the seed lightly and place the pot in a sunny position[113]. The seed can be difficult to germinate[81]. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots as soon as they are large enough to handle and grow them on in the cold frame for their first winter. Plant them out in late spring or early summer of the following year. The seedlings are very slow-growing and take about 3 years to reach 30cm tall[113] so be sure to mulch them well and perhaps give them some protection such as a tree guard made from a plastic bottle with its top and bottom removed[K].

Suppliers

For more details of plant suppliers please see our Suppliers Page which lists many more places to look.

Web References

See the PFAF Links Pages for other sources.

Also try Photos and info from the The Plants Database which has 14,000 images.

References

[K] Ken Fern
Notes from observations, tasting etc at Plants For A Future and on field trips.

[1] F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press 1951
Comprehensive listing of species and how to grow them. Somewhat outdated, it has been replaces in 1992 by a new dictionary (see [200]).

[11] Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray 1981
A classic with a wealth of information on the plants, but poor on pictures.

[46] Uphof. J. C. Th. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim 1959
An excellent and very comprehensive guide but it only gives very short descriptions of the uses without any details of how to utilize the plants. Not for the casual reader.

[58] Ohwi. G. Flora of Japan. (English translation) Smithsonian Institution 1965
The standard work. Brilliant, but not for the casual reader.

[61] Usher. G. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable 1974 ISBN 0094579202
Forget the sexist title, this is one of the best books on the subject. Lists a very extensive range of useful plants from around the world with very brief details of the uses. Not for the casual reader.

[81] Rushforth. K. Conifers. Christopher Helm 1987 ISBN 0-7470-2801-X
Deals with conifers that can be grown outdoors in Britain. Good notes on cultivation and a few bits about plant uses.

[113] Dirr. M. A. and Heuser. M. W. The Reference Manual of Woody Plant Propagation. Athens Ga. Varsity Press 1987 ISBN 0942375009
A very detailed book on propagating trees. Not for the casual reader.

[185] Mitchell. A. F. Conifers in the British Isles. HMSO 1975 ISBN 0-11-710012-9
A bit out of date (first published in 1972), but an excellent guide to how well the various species of conifers grow in Britain giving locations of trees.

[188] Brickell. C. The RHS Gardener's Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers Dorling Kindersley Publishers Ltd. 1990 ISBN 0-86318-386-7
Excellent range of photographs, some cultivation details but very little information on plant uses.

[200] Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press 1992 ISBN 0-333-47494-5
Excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of silly mistakes. Readable yet also very detailed.


Readers Comments

Sciadopitys

Catherine (cswallis@auracom.com) Mon Nov 13 00:14:44 2000

Hi - I've recently put a small one of these into a pot for bonsai training and while I've read the official care info here and other places, I wonder if someone has had experience actually growing one of these, not necessarily as a bonsai, but... under what conditions? What problems have you encountered? Comments? Thanks.

Details of Growing Condition: I'm in zone 5a-b (it seems to be in question- small area) and bought the tree(let) from zone 6, where mature ones have been planted out with some wind protection. I've got mine in a cold greenhouse, with the pot sunk into mulch..

Cross references: Genera: Sciadopitys.



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Bibliography

Plant information taken from the Plants For A Future - Species Database. Copyright (c) 1997-2003.
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