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Juglans regia fallax

Common name: Walnut Family: Juglandaceae
Author: (Dode.)Popov. Botanical references: 109, 200
Synonyms: Juglans duclouxiana (Dode.)
Known Hazards: None known
Range: E. Asia - S. China to the Himalayas.
Habitat: Forests in mountain regions[46].
Edibility Rating (1-5): 3Medicinal Rating (1-5):0

Other Possible Synonyms:From various places across the web, may not be correct. See below.
J. fallax[G] J. kamaonica[G] J. nigra[H] J. orientis[G] J. regia[B,C,DUTCH,ENERGY,E,G,H,HPIC,HORTIPLEX,P] J. regia subsp. kamaonica[G] J. regia var. orientis[G] J. regia var. sinensis[G] J. sinensis[G]
Other Common Names:From various places around the Web, may not be correct. See below.
Black Walnut [H], Ceviz Agaci [E], Ch'Iang T'Ao [E], Common Walnut [H], English Walnut [H,P,B], Guz [E], Hei T'Ao [E], Hu T'Ao [E], Hu Tao [E], Jawiz [E], Joz [E], Nogal [E], Persian Walnut [H], Qoz [E], Walnoot [D], Walnut [H],
Epithets:From a Dictionary of Botanical Epithets
regia = royal;
Systematics:From a USDA Plants Database
Order: Juglandales. Walnut family
Other Range Info: From the Ethnobotany Database
China; India; Iraq; Mexico; Nepal; Spain; Turkey

Physical Characteristics

A decidious tree growing to 30m. It is hardy to zone 5 and is frost tender. It is in flower from May to June. The flowers are monoecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but both sexes can be found on the same plant) and are pollinated by Wind. The plant is self-fertile. We rate it 3/5 for edibility and 0/5 for medicinal use.

The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It requires moist soil.

Habitats and Possible Locations

Woodland, Canopy.

Edible Uses

Oil; Seed.

Seed - raw or cooked[46, 61, 105]. Thin shelled[200].
An edible oil is obtained from the seed, it tends to go rancid quickly.

Medicinal Uses

Disclaimer

None known

Other Uses

Herbicide.

Plants produce chemicals which can inhibit the growth of other plants. These chemicals are dissolved out of the leaves when it rains and are washed down to the ground below, reducing the growth of plants under the tree[18, 20, 159]. The roots also produce substances that are toxic to many plant species, especially apples (Malus species), members of the Ericaceae, Potentilla spp and the white pines (certain Pinus spp.)[200].

Cultivation details

Requires a deep well-drained loam and a sunny position sheltered from strong winds[1, 11]. Prefers a slightly alkaline soil[200].
The dormant plant is very cold-tolerant, but the young growth in spring, however, can be damaged by late frosts.
Plants produce a deep taproot and they are intolerant of root disturbance[1, 11]. Seedlings should be planted out into their permanent positions as soon as possible and given some protection for their first winter or two since they are somewhat tender when young[1, 11].
Flower initiation depends upon suitable conditions in the previous summer[200]. The flowers and young growths can be destroyed by even short periods down to -2°c, but fortunately plants are usually late coming into leaf[200].
Any pruning should only be carried out in late summer to early autumn or when the plant is fully dormant otherwise wounds will bleed profusely and this will severely weaken the tree[200].
Trees have a dense canopy which tends to reduce plant growth below them. We have no specific information for this species, but the roots of several members of this genus produce substances that are toxic to many plant species, especially apples (Malus species), members of the Ericaceae, Potentilla spp and the white pines (certain Pinus spp.)[200]. The leaves of many species also secrete substances that have an inhibitory affect on plants growing underneath them. All in all this is not a very good companion plant[K].
This plant is cultivated for its edible seed in China[46, 61].
This species is notably susceptible to honey fungus[200].

Propagation

The seed is best sown as soon as it is ripe in individual deep pots in a cold frame[80]. You need to protect it from mice, birds, squirrels etc. The seed usually germinates in late winter or the spring. Plant out the seedlings into their permanent positions in early summer and give some protection from the cold for their first winter or two.
The seed can also be stored in cool moist conditions (such s the salad compartment of a fridge) over the winter and sown in early spring but it may then require a period of cold stratification before it will germinate[78, 80, 113].

Suppliers

Plants For A Future is working with the following groups to try and make these plants easily available. Parts of the proceeds will be donated to   so please mention us when ordering.
Forever Trees Nursery
Denbury Road
Ipplepen
TQ12 5TR
Phone 01803 814098 Distribution: UK
How to order: Direct from Forever Trees
Last Updated: March 03
Item: Juglans regia (English Walnut)
    Size: 1,2,3 year old Price: £4/£6/£8

Cool Temperate Nurseries
10 Ivy Grove
Nottingham
NG7 7LZ
Email: philcorbett53@hotmail.com
Phone 0115 847 8302 Fax 0115 847 8302
Distribution: UK
How to order: Direct from Cool Temperate by email/phone
Notes: Many Trees supplied on their own rootstock
Last Updated: April 03
Item: Juglans regia (Walnut)
    Varities: Broadview, Franquette, Fernor, Fernette, Lara

For more details of plant suppliers please see our Suppliers Page which lists many more places to look.

Web References

References for Juglans regia (a possible synonym). References for juglans regia (a possible synonym).

References for the family Juglandaceae.

See the PFAF Links Pages for other sources.

Also try Photos and info from the The Plants Database which has 14,000 images.

References

[K] Ken Fern
Notes from observations, tasting etc at Plants For A Future and on field trips.

[1] F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press 1951
Comprehensive listing of species and how to grow them. Somewhat outdated, it has been replaces in 1992 by a new dictionary (see [200]).

[11] Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray 1981
A classic with a wealth of information on the plants, but poor on pictures.

[18] Philbrick H. and Gregg R. B. Companion Plants. Watkins 1979
Details of beneficial and antagonistic relationships between neighbouring plants.

[20] Riotte. L. Companion Planting for Successful Gardening. Garden Way, Vermont, USA. 1978 ISBN 0-88266-064-0
Fairly good.

[46] Uphof. J. C. Th. Dictionary of Economic Plants. Weinheim 1959
An excellent and very comprehensive guide but it only gives very short descriptions of the uses without any details of how to utilize the plants. Not for the casual reader.

[61] Usher. G. A Dictionary of Plants Used by Man. Constable 1974 ISBN 0094579202
Forget the sexist title, this is one of the best books on the subject. Lists a very extensive range of useful plants from around the world with very brief details of the uses. Not for the casual reader.

[78] Sheat. W. G. Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers. MacMillan and Co 1948
A bit dated but a good book on propagation techniques with specific details for a wide range of plants.

[80] McMillan-Browse. P. Hardy Woody Plants from Seed. Grower Books 1985 ISBN 0-901361-21-6
Does not deal with many species but it is very comprehensive on those that it does cover. Not for casual reading.

[105] Tanaka. T. Tanaka's Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the World. Keigaku Publishing 1976
The most comprehensive guide to edible plants I've come across. Only the briefest entry for each species, though, and some of the entries are more than a little dubious. Not for the casual reader.

[109] Wilson. E. H. Plantae Wilsonae.
Details of the palnts collected by the plant collector E. H. Wilson on his travels in China. Gives some habitats. Not for the casual reader.

[113] Dirr. M. A. and Heuser. M. W. The Reference Manual of Woody Plant Propagation. Athens Ga. Varsity Press 1987 ISBN 0942375009
A very detailed book on propagating trees. Not for the casual reader.

[159] McPherson. A. and S. Wild Food Plants of Indiana. Indiana University Press 1977 ISBN 0-253-28925-4
A nice pocket guide to this region of America.

[200] Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press 1992 ISBN 0-333-47494-5
Excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of silly mistakes. Readable yet also very detailed.


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Bibliography

Plant information taken from the Plants For A Future - Species Database. Copyright (c) 1997-2003.
WEB search engine by Rich Morris - Home Page- Contact Info
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