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Galeopsis tetrahit

Common name:	Common Hemp Nettle	Family:	Labiatae
Author:	L.	Botanical references:	17, 200
Synonyms:
Known Hazards:	The plant is poisonous, causing paralysis[74].
Range:	Europe, including Britain, from Iceland and Russia to Spain and Macedonia.
Habitat:	Arable land, sometimes in woods, fens and wet heaths[17].
Edibility Rating (1-5):	0	Medicinal Rating (1-5):	1

Other Common Names:	From various places around the Web, may not be correct. See below.
	Brittle-stem Hemp-nettle [B], Brittlestem Hempnettle [P], Common Hemp Nettle [L], Doove Netelen [E], Gewone Hennepnetel [D], Hemp Nettle [H], Kedibasi [E],
Systematics:	From a USDA Plants Database
	Order: Lamiales. Renamed to Lamiaceae -- Mint family
Other Range Info:	From the Ethnobotany Database
	Europe India Turkey

Physical Characteristics

Annual growing to 1m. It is not frost tender. It is in flower from July to September, and the seeds ripen from August to October. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs). The plant is self-fertile. We rate it 0/5 for edibility and 1/5 for medicinal use.

The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires moist soil.

Habitats and Possible Locations

Woodland, Cultivated Beds, Sunny Edge, Dappled Shade.

Edible Uses

None known

Medicinal Uses

Disclaimer

Antispasmodic Detergent Expectorant Resolvent.

The plant is antispasmodic, detergent, expectorant and resolvent[240]. It is used in the treatment of tissue-wasting complaints[240]. An infusion of the plant is used in the treatment of pulmonary complaints[240].

Other Uses

Fibre Oil.

A drying oil is obtained from the seed. It is used as a polish for leather[74, 100].
A fibre is obtained from the stems, it is used for making cord[100].

Cultivation details

Grows in most soils, disliking heavy shade.
This plant is sometimes grown in the wild garden[200].
An aggregate species[17]. It is a natural hybrid, G. speciosa x G. pubescens[200].

Propagation

Seed - sow spring in situ[200]. Germination usually takes place within a month.

Suppliers

For more details of plant suppliers please see our Suppliers Page which lists many more places to look.

Web References

[H] Details of Scandanavian and European Common names in Henriette's names database
[E] Ethnobotany Data (common names, uses, countries) from the Ethnobotany Database.
[B] Data (Latin & Common names, other references) from the BONAP's Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
[G] Data (Common Names, Uses, Distribution) from the USDA/ARS NPGS's GRIN taxonomic database.
[PHARM] Phytochemical Data (common names, uses, countries) from Dr Duke's Phytochemical Database.
[P] Data. (uses, distribution, wetland) from the USDA'a Plants database.
[HP] Links, Photos, Suppliers from Hortiplex Plant Database

References for galeopsis tetrahit (a possible synonym).

[HP] PhotoFrom Henriette's plant pictures
[HP] PhotoFrom Henriette's plant pictures

See the PFAF Links Pages for other sources.

Also try Photos and info from the The Plants Database which has 14,000 images.

References

[17] Clapham, Tootin and Warburg. Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press 1962
A very comprehensive flora, the standard reference book but it has no pictures.

[74] Komarov. V. L. Flora of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translation 1968
An immense (25 or more large volumes) and not yet completed translation of the Russian flora. Full of information on plant uses and habitats but heavy going for casual readers.

[100] Polunin. O. Flowers of Europe - A Field Guide. Oxford University Press 1969 ISBN 0192176218
An excellent and well illustrated pocket guide for those with very large pockets. Also gives some details on plant uses.

[200] Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press 1992 ISBN 0-333-47494-5
Excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of silly mistakes. Readable yet also very detailed.

[240] Chopra. R. N., Nayar. S. L. and Chopra. I. C. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement). Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi. 1986
Very terse details of medicinal uses of plants with a wide range of references and details of research into the plants chemistry. Not for the casual reader.

Readers Comments

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Plant information taken from the Plants For A Future - Species Database. Copyright (c) 1997-2003.
WEB search engine by Rich Morris - Home Page- Contact Info
Blagdon Cross, Ashwater, Beaworthy, Devon, EX21 5DF, UK.
Website: www.pfaf.org Phone: 0845 458 4719/_44(0) 1208 872963

This page (UK) http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/cgi-bin/pfaf/arr_html?Galeopsis+tetrahit
This page (US) http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Galeopsis+tetrahit

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