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Amelanchier obovalis

Common name:	Southern Juneberry	Family:	Rosaceae
Author:	(Michx.)Ashe.	Botanical references:	11, 43
Synonyms:	Mespilus canadensis obovalis (Michx.)
Known Hazards:	None known
Range:	South-eastern N. America - Georgia and Alabama north to southern New Jersey[43].
Habitat:	Pinelands and low woods[43].
Edibility Rating (1-5):	3	Medicinal Rating (1-5):	0

Other Possible Synonyms:	From various places across the web, may not be correct. See below.
	Mespilus canadensis var. obovalis[G]
Other Common Names:	From various places around the Web, may not be correct. See below.
	Coastal Service-berry [B], Coastal Serviceberry [P],
Epithets:	From a Dictionary of Botanical Epithets
	ovalis = oval;
Systematics:	From a USDA Plants Database
	Order: Rosales. Rose family

Physical Characteristics

A decidious tree. It is hardy to zone 6 and is not frost tender. It is in flower from April to May. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Bees. The plant is self-fertile. We rate it 3/5 for edibility and 0/5 for medicinal use.

The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and can grow in heavy clay soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires moist soil and can tolerate drought.

Habitats and Possible Locations

Woodland, Sunny Edge, Dappled Shade.

Cultivar 'Jennybelle': Woodland, Secondary, Sunny Edge, Dappled Shade.

Edible Uses

Fruit.

Fruit, raw or cooked[177]. Sweet and of very good quality, the fruit is eaten out of hand or used in pies, preserves, drinks etc[183]. The fruit is rich in iron and copper[226].

Medicinal Uses

Disclaimer

None known

Other Uses

None known

Cultivation details

Prefers a rich loamy soil in a sunny position or semi-shade[1, 200] but thrives in any soil that is not too dry or water-logged[11]. Grows well in heavy clay soils.
Plants are stoloniferous[43].
All members of this genus have edible fruits and, whilst this is dry and uninteresting in some species, in many others it is sweet and juicy. Many of the species have potential for use in the garden as edible ornamentals. The main draw-back to this genus is that birds adore the fruit and will often completely strip a tree before it is fully ripe[K]. There is at least one named variety with improved fruits. 'Jennybelle' is a small bush, to 3.5 metres and produces few suckers so is easier to manage[183]. The fruit is up to 12mm in diameter and is sweet even before it is fully ripe. Plants fruit heavily and start to yield when young. They are resistant to drought, frost and high temperatures[183].
Hybridizes freely with other members of this genus[200]. Grafting onto seedlings of A. lamarckii or Sorbus aucuparia is sometimes practised in order to avoid the potential problem of hybridizing[1].

Propagation

Seed - it is best harvested 'green', when the seed is fully formed but before the seed coat has hardened, and then sown immediately in pots outdoors or in a cold frame. If stored seed is obtained early enough in the autumn, it can be given 4 weeks warm stratification before being left out in the winter and it should then germinate in the spring. Otherwise seed can be very slow to germinate, perhaps taking 18 months or more. When large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in a sheltered outdoor position, planting them out once they are 20cm or more tall.
If there is sufficient seed it is best to sow it thinly in an outdoor seedbed[78, 80]. Grow the seedlings on for two years in the seedbed before planting them out into their permanent positions during the winter.
Layering in spring - takes 18 months[78].
Division of suckers in late winter. The suckers need to have been growing for 2 years before you dig them up, otherwise they will not have formed roots. They can be planted out straight into their permanent positions if required.

Cultivars

'Jennybelle': The fruit is up to 12mm in diameter and is sweet even before it is fully ripe. Plants fruit heavily and start to yield when young[183]. Forms a small bush, to 3.5 metres tall, and produces few suckers so is easier to manage[183]. Plants are resistant to drought, frost and high temperatures[183].

Suppliers

For more details of plant suppliers please see our Suppliers Page which lists many more places to look.

Web References

[B] Data (Latin & Common names, other references) from the BONAP's Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.
[G] Data (Common Names, Uses, Distribution) from the USDA/ARS NPGS's GRIN taxonomic database.
[P] Data. (uses, distribution, wetland) from the USDA'a Plants database.
[HP] Links, Photos, Suppliers from Hortiplex Plant Database

See the PFAF Links Pages for other sources.

Also try Photos and info from the The Plants Database which has 14,000 images.

References

[K] Ken Fern
Notes from observations, tasting etc at Plants For A Future and on field trips.

[1] F. Chittendon. RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956 Oxford University Press 1951
Comprehensive listing of species and how to grow them. Somewhat outdated, it has been replaces in 1992 by a new dictionary (see [200]).

[11] Bean. W. Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray 1981
A classic with a wealth of information on the plants, but poor on pictures.

[43] Fernald. M. L. Gray's Manual of Botany. American Book Co. 1950
A bit dated but good and concise flora of the eastern part of N. America.

[78] Sheat. W. G. Propagation of Trees, Shrubs and Conifers. MacMillan and Co 1948
A bit dated but a good book on propagation techniques with specific details for a wide range of plants.

[80] McMillan-Browse. P. Hardy Woody Plants from Seed. Grower Books 1985 ISBN 0-901361-21-6
Does not deal with many species but it is very comprehensive on those that it does cover. Not for casual reading.

[177] Kunkel. G. Plants for Human Consumption. Koeltz Scientific Books 1984 ISBN 3874292169
An excellent book for the dedicated. A comprehensive listing of latin names with a brief list of edible parts.

[183] Facciola. S. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications 1990 ISBN 0-9628087-0-9
Excellent. Contains a very wide range of conventional and unconventional food plants (including tropical) and where they can be obtained (mainly N. American nurseries but also research institutes and a lot of other nurseries from around the world.

[200] Huxley. A. The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. 1992. MacMillan Press 1992 ISBN 0-333-47494-5
Excellent and very comprehensive, though it contains a number of silly mistakes. Readable yet also very detailed.

[226] Lauriault. J. Identification Guide to the Trees of Canada Fitzhenry and Whiteside, Ontario. 1989 ISBN 0889025649
Very good on identification for non-experts, the book also has a lot of information on plant uses.

Readers Comments

Amelanchier canadensis

Jan Kola (kolajan@volny.cz) Mon Dec 04 23:42:43 2000

Juneberry is more frequently called saskatoonberry. There was project long ago, funded by Canada government, based on the breeding works of Canadian gardeners, I forgot the name. The project failed, for in Canada hand work is expensive. Saskatoonberry needs a lot of hand work. They carried out the project properly, they even built a factory for the preservation of the berries to make jellies and other products. But when it failed, there are now indians sleeping in the factory. I think it was in Alberta, Bevearlodge. Research station there now works with different plants.

But Canadian farmers soon recognized, that it is good for them to produce it, though they probably they earn more money on selling plants, than on fruits.

The fruit of A. lamarckii is so tasty, that everybody has to love it only to get used to it. They will soon love also another species fruit, though the taste of some species is a litle strange.

Don't forget, that Amelanchier is not only a Northern America plant, but it grows also in Russia, Caucasus, Crete, Northern Africa. Especially in Russia it is called IRGA and it is frequented between gardeners.

Cross references: Plants: Amelanchier canadensis. Genera: Amelanchier.

Amelanchier canadensis

Rich (michael@thewitchshaven.com) Wed Dec 20 11:01:57 2000

Two intresting sites for Amelanchier:

Native Fruit Development Program

http://www.saskatoonfarm.com/

If people want to get in contact with Jan Koan who wrote the previous comment they can get in touch with him at: Jan Kola, Jasminova 1616, Ostrava 70800, Czech Republik, Tel. 69 6951114

Cross references: Plants: Amelanchier canadensis. Genera: Amelanchier.

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